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翻译技巧四 常用汉语成语谚语典故翻译
常用汉语成语谚语典故翻译 常用汉语谚语(Common Chinese Proverbs) 按图索骥 Looking for a steed with the aid of its picture 百发百中 A hundred shots, a hundred bull's-eyes 班门弄斧 Showing off one's proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter 杯弓蛇影 Mistaking the reflection of a bow for a snake 闭门造车 Building a cart behind closed doors 病入膏肓 The disease has attacked the vitals 草木皆兵 every bush and tree looks like an enemy 吹毛求疵 Blow apart the hairs upon a fur to discover any defect 打草惊蛇 Beating the grass and flushing out the snake 调虎离山 Luring the tiger out of the mountains 东施效颦 Aping the Beauty's frown 对牛弹琴 Playing the lute to a cow 负荆请罪 Bringing the birch and asking for flogging 功亏一篑 Running an enterprise for the lack of one basketful 故步自封 Content with staying where one is 含沙射影 spitting sand on a shadow-attacking by insinuation 狐假虎威 Basking in reflected glory 囫囵吞枣 Gulping down a whole date 画饼充饥 Allaying hunger with pictures of cakes 画龙点睛 Putting the finishing touch to the picture of a dragon 画蛇添足 Drawing a snake and adding feet 惊弓之鸟 Birds startled by the mere twang of a bowstring 精卫填海 Jingwei fills up the sea 井底之蛙 A frog in a well 刻舟求剑 Notching the boat to find the sword 空中楼阁 A castle in the air 滥竽充数 Passing oneself off as a member of the orchestra 狼狈为奸 A wolf working hand in glove with a jackal 老马识途 An old horse knows the way 梁上君子 A gentleman on the beam 临渴掘井 Not digging a well until one is thirsty 满城风雨 A storm enveloping the city 盲人摸象 Blind men touching an elephant 毛遂自荐 Mao Sui recommending himself 门庭若市 A courtyard as crowded as a marketplace 名落孙山 Failing to pass an examination 南辕北辙 Going south by driving the chariot north 怒发冲冠 So angry that one's hair lifts up one's hat 披荆斩棘 Breaking open a way through brambles and thorns 蚍蜉撼树 An ant trying to shake a big tree 破釜沉舟 Smashing the cauldrons and sinking the boats 破镜重圆 A broken mirror made whole again 骑虎难下 When one rides a tiger, it is hard to dismount 杞人忧天 The man of Qi who worried that the sky would fall 黔驴技穷 The Guizhou donkey has exhausted its tricks 日暮途穷 The day is waning and the road is ending 如火如荼 Like a raging fire 如鱼得水 To feel just like a fish in water 入木三分 To enter three-tenths of an inch into the timber 塞翁失马 The old man of frontier lost his horse 三顾茅庐 paying three visits to the cottage 三人成虎 repeat a lie enough times and it will be believed 丧家之犬 A homeless dog 杀鸡吓猴 Killing the chicken to frighten the monkeys 甚嚣尘上 Making a great clamor 势如破竹 Like splitting bamboo 世外桃源 A heaven of peace and happiness 手不释卷 Always with a book in hand 守株待兔 Sitting by a stump, waiting for a careless hare 蜀犬吠日 A Sichuan dog barks at the sun. 束之高阁 Putting it on a high shelf 水落石出 when the water ebbs, stones will appear 四面楚歌 songs of Chu on all sides 谈虎色变 Turn pale at the mention of a tiger 昙花一现 A flower that vanishes as soon as it appears 螳臂当车 A mantis trying to halt a chariot 天花乱坠 As if it were raining flowers 天涯海角 The end of sky and the corner of the sea 同舟共济 Crossing a river in the same boat 偷天换日 Stealing the sky and changing the sun 天衣无缝 Divine garments without seams 图穷匕见 When the map is unrolled the dagger is revealed 完璧归赵 Returning the jade intact to Zhao 亡羊补牢 Mending the fold after the sheep have been stolen 望梅止渴 looking at plums to quench the thirst 望洋兴叹 Gazing at the ocean and sighing 为虎作伥 helping the tiger to Pounce upon its victims 卧薪尝胆 Sleeping on brushwood and tasting gall 笑里藏刀 Hiding a dagger behind a smile 胸有成竹 Having a ready-formed plan 削足适履 Cutting one's feet to fit one's shoes 揠苗助长 Pulling up seedlings to help them grow 掩耳盗铃 Plugging one's ears while stealing a bell 偃旗息鼓 To lower the banners and silence the drums 叶公好龙 Lord She loves dragons 夜郎自大 the conceited King of Yelang 一鼓作气 Rousing the spirits with the first drum roll 一箭双雕 Killing two birds with one stone 一鸣惊人 Amazing the world with a single feat 一丘之貉 Jackals of the same lair 愚公移山 The foolish old man who removed the mountains 鱼目混珠 Passing off fish eyes as pearls 余音绕梁 The tune lingers in the house 与虎谋皮 Borrowing the skin from a tiger 鹬蚌相争 A snipe and a clam locked in combat 朝三暮四 Three in the morning and four in the evening 趾高气扬 Stepping high and haughtily 指鹿为马 Calling a stag a horse 纸上谈兵 Discussing stratagems on paper 自相矛盾 Contradicting oneself 八字衙门朝南开,有理无钱莫进来 The yamen gate is wide open, yet with only right on your side but no money, don't go inside. 兵马未动,粮草先行 Provisions should be arranged before an army is mobilized. 不经一事,不长一智 Wisdom comes from experience. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子 How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger's lair? 差之毫厘,失之千里 A little error may lead to a large discrepancy. 长江后浪催前浪,世上新人赶旧人 Just as the waves of the Yangtze River behind drive on those ahead, so does each new generation replace the old one. 常将有日思无日,莫待无时想有时 When rich, think of poverty, but don't think of riches when you are poor. 吃一堑,长一智 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 打蛇不死,后患无穷 Unless you beat a snake to death, it will cause endless 大处着眼,小处着手 Keep the general goal in sight while tackling daily tasks. 单丝不成线,独木不成林 A single thread can't make a cord, nor a single tree a forest. 当局者迷,旁观者清 The spectators see more of the game than the players. 刀不磨要生锈,水不流要发臭 A knife will rust if not sharpened regularly, and water will stagnate if it is not allowed to flow. 道高一尺,魔高一丈 The law is strong, but the outlaws are ten times stronger. 灯不拨不亮,理不辩不明 An oil lamp becomes brighter after trimming, a truth becomes clearer after being discussed. 读书需用意,一字值千金 When reading, don't let a single word escape your attention / one word may be worth a thousand pieces of gold. 读万卷书,行万里路 Read ten thousand books and walk ten thousand miles. 儿不嫌母丑,狗不嫌家贫 A son never thinks his mother ugly, and a dog never shuns its owner's home however shabby it is. 儿孙自有儿孙福,莫为儿孙做牛马 The children can take care of themselves when they grow up, so the parents don't have to work too hard for the future of their offspring. 耳听为虚,眼见为实 What you hear about may be false, but what you see is true. 凡人不可貌相,海水不可斗量 As a man cannot be known by his looks, neither can the sea be fathomed by a gourd. 放下屠刀,立地成佛 The butcher who lays down his knife, at once becomes a Buddha. 风无常顺,兵无常胜 A boat can't always sail with the wind; an army can't always win battles. 逢人只说三分话, 未可全抛一片心 Talking to a stranger, it is wise to be somewhat reserved. 瓜无滚圆,人无十全 No melon is completely round, and no person is perfect. 害人之心不可有,防人之心不可无 One shouldn't have the heart to harm others, but must be vigilant so as not to be harmed. 花有重开日,人无再少年 Flowers may bloom again, but a person never has the chance to be young again. 画虎画皮难画骨,知人知面不知心 In drawing a tiger, you show its skin, but not its bones; in knowing a man, you may know his face, but not his heart. 火要空心,人要虚心 A fire must have space at its center to burn vigorously; a man must be modest to make progress. 见怪不怪,其怪自败 Face odd things fearlessly and their fearsomeness will disappear. 江山易改,本性难移 Rivers and mountains may be changed, but it is hard to alter even a single person's nature. 近水楼台先得月,向阳花木早逢春 A waterfront pavilion gets the moonlight first; spring comes early to plants exposed to the sun. 近水知鱼性,近山识鸟音 Near to rivers, we recognize fish; near to mountains, we recognize the songs of birds. 近朱者赤,近墨者黑 Near vermilion, one gets stained pink; near ink, one gets stained black. 酒逢知己千杯少,话不投机半句多 If you drink with a bosom friend, a thousand cups are not enough; if you argue with someone, half a sentence is too much. 老当益壮,穷当益坚 Old but vigorous, poor but ambitious. 良药苦口利于病,忠言逆耳利于行 It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly, and it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track. 两虎相斗,必有一伤 When two tigers fight, one is sure to lose. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 As long as the green hills remain, there'll be no shortage of firewood. 路遥知马力,日久见人心 As distance tests a horse's strength, so does time reveal a person's real character. 麻雀虽小,五脏俱全 Small as it is, the sparrow has all the vital organs. 马好不在鞍,人好不在衫 Don't judge a horse by its saddle, and don't judge a person by his clothes. 名人不用细说,响鼓不用重捶 A person of good sense needs no detailed explanation; a resonant drum needs no heavy beating. 明知山有虎,偏向虎山行 Going deep into the mountains, undeterred by the tigers there. 宁为玉碎,不为瓦全 Better to be a shard of jade than a whole tile. 贫居闹市无人问,富在深山有远亲 If you are poor, even if you live in a crowded city you will be alone. But if you are rich, even if you live in uninhabited mountains the most distant relatives will flock to you. 平生不做亏心事,半夜敲门心不惊 A clear conscience sleeps even through thunder. 平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚 Never burning incense when all is well, but clasping Buddha's feet in an emergency. 千军易得,一将难求 It is easy to find a thousand soldiers, but hard to find a good general. 钱财如粪土,仁义值千金 Riches are as worthless as dust; benevolence and justice are the most valuable things. 前人栽树,后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees under whose shade another generation rests. 强中更有强中手,能人背后有能人 However strong you are, there's always someone stronger. 人过留名,雁过留声 A man leaves his name behind wherever he stays, just as a goose utters its cry wherever it flies. 人老心不老,人穷志不穷 Old but young at heart; poor but with lofty ideals. 人善被人欺,马善被人骑 A weak person is liable to be bullied; a tamed horse is often ridden. 人往高处走,水望低处流 Man seeks the heights, while water seeks the lowlands. 人为财死,鸟为食亡 Man dies in pursuit of wealth, and birds die in pursuit of food. 人无千日好,花无百日红 Man cannot be always fortunate, nor can flowers last forever. 人无完人,金无足赤 It is as impossible to find a perfect man as it is to find 100 percent pure gold. 人无远虑,必有近忧 Those who do not plan for the future will find trouble on their doorstep. 人心齐,泰山移 When people are of one mind and heart, they can move Mount Tai. 人有失足,马有失蹄 A man is prone to stumble when walking, and a horse is prone to stumble when galloping. 任凭风浪起,稳坐钓鱼船 Sit tight in the fishing boat despite the rising wind and waves. 若要人不知,除非己莫为 If you don't want people to find out, you'd better not do it. 三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind. 三人一条心,黄土变成金 If people are of one heart, even the yellow earth can become gold. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲 A man who does not exert himself in his youth will be sorry he didn't when he grows old. 十年窗下无人问,一举成名天下知 One can study for ten years in obscurity, but as soon as one passes the examination the whole world pays attention. 十年树木,百年树人 It takes ten years to grow a tree, but a hundred years to bring up a generation of good men. 书到用时方恨少 It is when you are using what you have learned from books that you wish you had read more. 天外有天,人上有人 As capable as you are, there is always someone more capable —— just as there is another heaven beyond heaven. 天下无难事,只怕有心人 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 天下兴亡,匹夫有责 Everyone is responsible for his country. 天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福 In nature there are unexpected storms, and in life unpredictable vicissitudes. 万事俱备,只欠东风 Everything is ready except the east wind. 小洞不补,大洞吃苦 A small hole not mended in time will become a big hole much more difficult to mend. 小时偷针,大时偷金 A child who steals a needle will grow up to steal gold. 心正不怕影斜,脚正不怕鞋歪 An upright man is not afraid of an oblique shadow; a straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe. 秀才不出门,能知天下事 Without even stepping outside his gate the scholar knows all the wide world's affairs. 养兵千日,用兵一时 Armies are to be maintained in the course of long years, but to be used in the nick of time. 一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴 A speck of time is more precious than an ounce of gold. 一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮 Just as a fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅粥 A speck of mouse dung will spoil a whole pot of porridge. 一年之计在于春,一日之计在于晨 The whole year's work depends on good planning in spring, and the whole day's work depends on good planning in the early morning. 一人得道,鸡犬升天 When a man is at court, all his followers are in favor. 一失足成千古恨,再回头是百年身 One single slip brings eternal regret, and looking back, you find that your whole life has passed away. 一言既出,驷马难追 A word, once it is uttered, cannot be overtaken even by swift horses. 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳 A man once bitten by a snake will for ten years shy at a rope. 一着不慎,满盘皆输 One careless move forfeits the whole game. 有借有还,再借不难 Timely return of a loan makes it easier to borrow a second time. 有理走遍天下,无理寸步难行 With justice on your side, you can go anywhere; without it, you can't take a step. 有缘千里来相会,无缘对面不相逢 Fate brings people together no matter how far apart they may be. 与君一夕话,胜读十年书 Chatting with you for one night is more profitable than studying for ten years. 远水不救近火,远亲不如近邻 Distant water can't put out a nearby fire, and a distant relative is not as helpful as a close neighbor. 月满则亏,水满则溢 The moon waxes only to wane, and water surges only to overflow. 在家不会迎宾客,出外方知少主人 If a person does not treat guests properly when at home, few will wish to entertain him when he is away from home. 知己知彼,百战百胜 Know the enemy, know yourself, and in every battle you will be victorious. 只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯 The magistrates are free to set fire, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. 只要功夫深,铁杵磨成针 If you work hard enough at it, you can grind even an iron rod down to a needle. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆 As a man sows, so shall he reap. 常用汉语典故(Common Chinese allusions) 杀鸡焉用牛刀 Why Use a Poleaxe to kill a chicken? 苛政猛于虎 Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger. 多行不义必自毙 Persisting in evil brings self-destruction. 唇亡齿寒 When the lips are gone, the teeth will be cold. 鞭长莫及 Not even the longest whip can reach everywhere. 尔虞我诈 You fool me and I cheat you. 风马牛不相及 Even the runaway livestock would not reach each other. 顾左右而言他 Turning aside and changing the subject 坐山观虎斗 Sitting on a hill watching tigers fight 狡兔三窟 A wily hare has three burrows. 高枕无忧 Shake up the pillow and have a good sleep. 作法自毙 Hoist with his own petard 奇货可居 A rare commodity suitable for hoarding 逐客令 Order for guests to leave 一字千金 One word worth a thousand pieces of gold 燕雀焉知鸿鹄之志 How can a swallow know the aspiration of a swan? 先发制人 Gain the initiative by striking first 一败涂地 A defeat that brings everything crashing down 孺子可教 The child is worth instructing 成也萧何,败也萧何 Raised up by Xiao He and Cast down by Xiao He 逐鹿中原 Hunting deer in the Central Plains 约法三章 Agreeing on a three-point law 鸿门宴 The banquet and sword dance at Hongmen 人为刀俎,我为鱼肉 They are the knife and the chopping block, while we are the fish and the meat. 明修栈道,暗度陈仓 Repairing the road while making a secret detour 背水一战 Fighting with one's back to the river 养虎遗患 To rear a tiger is to court calamity 运筹帷幄 Manipulating victory from the command tent 狡兔死,走狗烹 When the crafty hares have been exterminated, the hunting dogs will be cooked 金屋藏娇 Keeping a beauty in a golden house 门可罗雀 You can catch sparrows on the doorstep 牛郎织女 The cowherd and weaving girl 相儒以沫 Moistening each other with soliva 劳而无功 Working hard but to no avail 视为畏途 Regarded as a dangerous road 越俎代庖 Abandoning the sacrificial vessels for the saucepans 得心应手 The hands respond to the heart 覆水难收 Spilt water cannot be retrieved 死灰复燃 Dying embers may glow again 投笔从戎 Exchanging the writing brush for the sword 马革裹尸 A horsehide shroud 小巫见大巫 A junior sorcerer in the presence of a great one 举案齐眉 Holding the tray up to the eyebrows 万事俱备,只欠东风 All that is needed is an east wind 鹤立鸡群 Like a crane standing among chickens 乐不思蜀 So happy that one thinks no more of Shu 不为五斗米折腰 Won't Kowtow for five dou of rice 洛阳纸贵 Paper is expensive in Luoyang 朝秦暮楚 Serving Qin in the morning and Chu in the evening 口若悬河 A waterfall of words 江郎才尽 Mr. Jiang has exhausted his talents 月下老人 The old man in the moonlight 阮囊羞涩 Mr. Ruan's bag feels ashamed 司空见惯 A common sight to the Sikong 请君入瓮 Please get into the vat 南柯一梦 Southern branch dream 东窗事发 East window plot 刘姥姥进大观园 Granny Liu in the Grand View Garden 汉语常用歇后语(Common Chinese Two-part Allegorical Sayings) 八仙过海——各显神通 The eight immortals cross the sea—each displaying his or her special prowess 半天空里装口袋——装疯(风) Hanging a bag in mid-air—holding the wind (feigning madness) 半夜里偷桃吃——找软的捏 Stealing peaches at midnight—picking only the soft ones 搽粉进棺材——死要面子 Putting make-up on before entering the coffin—saving face even when dying 茶壶里煮饺子——倒不出来 Boiling dumplings in a teapot—no way to get them out 城门里扛竹竿——直进直出 Carrying a pole through a city gate—in and out in a straight line 窗户上的纸——一戳就破 Paper window panes—torn by a touch 打破沙锅——问到底 Breaking an earthenware pot—cracking down to the bottom (getting to the root of the matter) 大姑娘坐花轿——头一回 A girl sitting in a bridal sedan chair—the very first time 打热天穿棉袄——不是时候 Wearing a padded coat on a hot day—out of season 大水冲了龙王庙——一家人不认一家人 The temple of the Dragon King away by a flood—not recognizing one's kinsman 电线杆当筷子——大材小用 Using telephone poles as chopsticks—putting much material to petty use 擀面杖吹火——一窍不通 Using a rolling pin to blow a fire—totally impenetrable 高射炮打蚊子——小题大做 Killing a mosquito with a cannon—making a mountain out of a molehill 狗拿耗子——多管闲事 A dog catching a mouse—poking one's nose into other people's business 狗咬吕洞宾——不识好人心 A dog biting Lv Dongbin—not being able to recognize a kind-hearted man 棺材里伸手——死要钱 A hand stretched from a coffin—asking for money even when dead 和尚打伞——无法(发)无天 A monk holding an umbrella—having neither hair (law) nor sky (Providence) 黄连树下弹琴——苦中作乐 Playing the zither under a Chinese pistache tree—seeking happiness from bitterness 黄鼠狼给鸡拜年——没安好心 The weasel pays a New Year call on the hen—not with good intentions 鸡蛋里挑骨头——故意找错 Picking bones from eggs—finding fault deliberately 姜太公钓鱼——愿者上钩 A fish jumping to Jiang Taigong's hookless and baitless line—a willing victim 孔夫子搬家——净是输(书) Confucius moves house—nothing but books (always lose) 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉——痴心妄想 A toad craving for swan's flesh—an impractical dream 老鼠掉进书箱里——咬文嚼字 A mouse in a bookcase—chewing up the pages 老鼠钻进风箱里——两头受气 A mouse in a bellows—pressed from both ends ( blamed by both sides ) 老王卖瓜——自卖自夸 Lao Wang selling melons—praising his own wares 聋子的耳朵——摆设 A deaf man's ears—just for show 猫哭老鼠——假慈悲 A cat crying over a mouse's misfortune—sham mercy 门缝里瞅人——把人看扁了 Gazing at someone from behind a slightly opened door 泥菩萨过河——自身难保 A clay Buddha crossing a stream—hardly able to save itself 骑驴看唱本——走着瞧 Reading a book on donkey back—reading while riding (wait and see) 千里送鹅毛——礼轻情意重 Travel a thousand miles to bestow a goose feather—a small gift may be a token of profound friendship 秋后的蚂蚱——蹦跶不了几天 A grasshopper at the end of autumn—its jumping days are numbered 热锅上的蚂蚁——团团转 A swarm of ants on a hot oven—milling around in a panic 肉包子打狗——有去无还 A meat bun thrown at a dog—by no means retrievable 十五只吊桶打水——七上八下 Fifteen buckets to draw water from a well—seven up and eight down (all at sixes and sevens) 铁公鸡——一毛不拔 An iron rooster—not a feather can be pulled out 秃子头上的虱子——明摆着 A louse on a bald head—too obvious 外甥打灯笼——照旧(舅) The nephew holds a lantern for his uncle—things stay unchanged 瞎子点灯——白费蜡 A blind man lighting a candle—wasting wax 秀才遇见兵——有理说不清 A scholar meeting a warrior—unable to vindicate oneself against an unreasonable opponent 哑巴吃黄连——有苦说不出 A dumb person tasting bitter herbs—unable to express bitter feelings 哑巴吃饺子——心里有数 A mute person eating jiaozi—knowing how many he has eaten 张飞穿针——粗中有细 Zhang Fei threading a needle—subtle in one's rough ways 竹篮子打水——一场空 Drawing water with a bamboo basket—achieving nothing
发表时间:〖2014/6/9〗    浏览次数:〖467
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